1. Personal pronouns
   See Personal pronoun clitics.
2. Articles
   Table 1

   Full form	Clitic allomorph
   de /də/ the (common gender)	d' /də/ ( [də])
   	'e [ə]
   it [ət] the (neuter gender)	't /ət/ ( [ət])
   in [ən] a(n)	'n /ən/ ( [ən])

   Having schwa as their only vowel, all articles are inherent clitics. As to this, however, a further subdivision is called for:
   • since a word a) must not have schwa as its only vowel and b) must not begin with schwa, the forms it /ət/ and in /ən/ (and 't /ət/ ( [ət]) and 'n /ən/ ( [ən]) as well) are forced to find a host word, ideally on their left-hand side;
   • de /də/, it /ət/, and in /ən/, however, can occur in sentence-initial position; this also holds for their reduced variants d' /də/ ( [də]), 't /ət/ ( [ət]), and 'n /ən/ ( [ən]), though they sound a little unfamiliar there;
   • 'e /ə/ is not allowed to occur in sentence-initial position.
   That de /də/, it /ət/, and in /ən/ can occur in more positions than 'e /ə/ is likely to be ascribable to the fact that the former (also) contain a consonant, whereas the latter consists of no more than schwa (the minimal member of the vowel inventory, see Schwa). This is why 'e can be considered a purer clitic, viz. a phonologically speaking more dependent form, than de, it, and in.
3. Function words beginning with /d/
   There is a small class of function words which begin with the voiced coronal plosive /d/ (henceforth: /d/-words). Some of these are also members of the clitic classes I and II above. The following is an overview of these words.
   1. Definite article
      Table 2

      de

      /də/

      the

   2. Demonstrative pronouns
      Table 3

      dat	/dɔt/	that
      dy	/di/	that; those
      dit	/dɪt/	this
      dizze	/dɪzə/	this; these

   3. Relative pronouns
      Table 4

      dat	/dɔt/	that, which; who, whom
      datsto	/dɔt+st+do:/	that you; which you; whom you
      datste	/dɔt+st+də/	that you; which you; whom you
      datst	/dɔt+st/	that you; which you; whom you
      dy't	/di+t/	that, which; who, whom
      dy'tsto	/di+t+st+do:/	that you; which you; whom you
      dy'tste	/di+t+st+də/	that you; which you; whom you
      dy'tst	/di+t+st/	that you; which you; whom you

   4. Personal pronouns
      Table 5

      do	/do:/	you (subject form, sg., familiar)
      dû	/du/	you (subject form, sg., familiar)
      dy	/di/	you (object form, sg., familiar)
      dij	/dɛj/	you (object form, sg., familiar)

   5. Possessive pronouns
      Table 6

      dyn	/din/	your
      dines	/dinəs/	yours
      dinen	/dinən/	yours
      dinent	/dinənt/	yours

   6. Adverbs
      Table 7

      der	/dər/	there (in existential constructions); as part of a pronominal adverb
      dêr	/dɛ:r/	there; as part of a pronominal adverb
      dus	/døs/	so therefore then
      dan	/dɔn/	then (referring to the future)
      doe	/du/	then (referring to the past)
      doch(s)	/dɔx(s)/	nevertheless, still, yet, all the same

Usually, word-initial /d/ triggers regressive voice assimilation of a preceding (voiceless) obstruent (see Regressive Voice Assimilation: type 1 and Regressive Voice Assimuilation: type 2). This also holds of the /d/ of the /d/-words. However, if the latter are preceded by (a word ending in) a voiceless plosive, their initial /d/ may show up as voiceless or, put differently, it may undergo Progressive Voice Assimilation (see Progressive Voice Assimilation: function words beginning with /d/), examples of which are given below:

a	with de the	Omdat de trein in oere fertraging hie because the train an hour delay had Because the train had a delay of an hour	[omdɔtə]	[*omdɔdə]
b	with der there	Ik begryp der wat langer wat minder fan I understand there what longer what less of I understand (it) less and less	[bəɡriptər]	[*bəɡribdər]
c	with dat that	Witst wol wat dat wurd betsjut? know.2SG all right what that word means Do you know what that word means?	[vɔtɔt]	[*vɔdɔt]
d	with dy that; you (object form, SG, familiar)	Ik wit net wat dy man besielet I know not what that man inspires I do not know what has come over that man	[vɔti]	[*vɔdi]
e	with do/dû you (subject form, SG, familiar)	Híést do/dû dat wier net sjoen? had you that really not seen Had you really not seen that?	[hiəsto:/u]	[*hiəzdo:/u]
f	with dit/dizze this	Hoe kómt dit no wer? how comes this now again How on earth díd this happen?	[komtɪt]	[*komdɪt]
		Wat dócht dizze man hjir? what does this man here What is this man dóing here?	[doxtɪzə]	[*doɣdɪzə]
g	with dêr there	It bliek dêr net mear te wêzen it appeared there no more to be It turned out that it was no longer there	[bliəktɛ:r]	[bliəɡdɛ:r]
h	with dus so therefore then	Ik begryp dus dat ... I understand so, that .... So I understand that ...	[bəɡriptøs]	[bəɡribdøs]
i	with dan then (referring to the future)	Mar wát dan? but what then And then what?	[vɔtɔn]	[*?vɔdɔn]
j	with doe then (referring to the past)	Hy griep doe de macht he seized then the power The seized power then	[ɡriəptu]	[ɡriəbdu]
k	with dochs nevertheless, still, yet, all the same	Mar Jaap dochs foaral? but Jaap nevertheless in particular But Jaap in particular, right?	[ja:ptɔxs]	[ja:bdɔxs]

Progressive Voice Assimilation being a word-internal phenomenon, the above realizations with a voiceless plosive are readily explained if it is assumed that the /d/-words cliticize onto the plosive-final host word to their left.