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    -emint
    quickinfo

    The suffix -emint creates verbs from other verbs. An example is drigemintsjeto threaten, from driigjeto threaten. The suffix adds a slightly negative or pejorative meaning. Although from non-native origin, it is nowadays restricted to native bases. The process, is unproductive, however.

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    [+] General properties

    The suffix -emint can be considered to derive verbs from verbs. The suffix is unproductive. Infinitives always end in -emintsje. This regularly consists of the infinitival ending -je (of the weak class II) and an inserted /s/ (as a result of assibilation). Here are the cases in which the suffix is operative:

    Table 1
    Verbal base Derivation
    bûg(j)eto bow bûgemintsjeto bow
    driigjeto threaten drigemintsjeto threaten
    preuveljeto mumble preuvelemintsjeto mumble
    banneto chase away bannemintsjeto chase away
    ketterjeto rave kettermintsjeto rave
    omreagjeto throw down omrigemintsjeto throw down
    sakkerjeto curse sakkermintsjeto curse
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    Conversion or derivation?

    The element -emint is presented as a suffix here. On the basis of the existence of the nouns bûgemintbow, drigemintthreat and preuveleminttalk, muttered prayer, however, one could opt for an analysis that bûgemintsje etc. are merely conversions from noun to verb. However, Visser (2000:183) argues that these nouns are complex, as they are derived with a nominal suffix -emint (see native verbal bases). With a complex base, conversion is not a readily available option. Furthermore, such a conversion cannot account for most other cases, which lack a possible nominal base. Visser therefore assumes that -emint has developed as a separate suffix, possibly as an extension of a conversion of the - simplex - noun sakremintsacrament to sakremintsje/sakkermintsje. He draws a parallel with the development and behaviour of -jei.

    [+] Semantic properties

    The suffix has a slightly pejorative (or negative) effect (which can only be represented with difficulty in a translation).

    [+] Phonological properties

    The suffix is pronounced as [əmInt]. The main stress of the derivation is on the syllable -mint. The schwa of the suffix may delete after a stressless syllable, as in *ketteremintsje > kettermintsje.

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    Literature

    This topic is heavily indebted to Visser (2000:182-183). He also mentions some etymological details.

    References:
    • Visser, Willem2000Frjemd wurdt eigener. Oer de âlde Frânske lienwurden yn it FryskIt Beaken62141-218
    • Visser, Willem2000Frjemd wurdt eigener. Oer de âlde Frânske lienwurden yn it FryskIt Beaken62141-218
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    ABOUT THIS TOPIC
    Author(s):
    Siebren Dyk
    Category:
    Frisian Morphology
    Publication date:
    07 August 2019
    Keywords:
    suffix verb
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