- Dutch
- Frisian
- Afrikaans
- Dutch
- Phonology
- Segment inventory
- Phonotactics
- Phonological processes
- Phonology-morphology interface
- Word stress
- Primary stress in simplex words
- Monomorphemic words
- Diachronic aspects
- Generalizations on stress placement
- Default penultimate stress
- Lexical stress
- The closed penult restriction
- Final closed syllables
- The diphthong restriction
- Superheavy syllables (SHS)
- The three-syllable window
- Segmental restrictions
- Phonetic correlates
- Stress shifts in loanwords
- Quantity-sensitivity
- Secondary stress
- Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables
- Stress in complex words
- Primary stress in simplex words
- Accent & intonation
- Clitics
- Spelling
- Morphology
- Word formation
- Compounding
- Nominal compounds
- Verbal compounds
- Adjectival compounds
- Affixoids
- Coordinative compounds
- Synthetic compounds
- Reduplicative compounds
- Phrase-based compounds
- Elative compounds
- Exocentric compounds
- Linking elements
- Separable complex verbs (SCVs)
- Gapping of complex words
- Particle verbs
- Copulative compounds
- Derivation
- Numerals
- Derivation: inputs and input restrictions
- The meaning of affixes
- Non-native morphology
- Cohering and non-cohering affixes
- Prefixation
- Suffixation
- Nominal suffixation: person nouns
- Conversion
- Pseudo-participles
- Bound forms
- Nouns
- Nominal prefixes
- Nominal suffixes
- -aal and -eel
- -aar
- -aard
- -aat
- -air
- -aris
- -ast
- Diminutives
- -dom
- -een
- -ees
- -el (nominal)
- -elaar
- -enis
- -er (nominal)
- -erd
- -erik
- -es
- -eur
- -euse
- ge...te
- -heid
- -iaan, -aan
- -ief
- -iek
- -ier
- -ier (French)
- -ière
- -iet
- -igheid
- -ij and allomorphs
- -ijn
- -in
- -ing
- -isme
- -ist
- -iteit
- -ling
- -oir
- -oot
- -rice
- -schap
- -schap (de)
- -schap (het)
- -sel
- -st
- -ster
- -t
- -tal
- -te
- -voud
- Verbs
- Adjectives
- Adverbs
- Univerbation
- Neo-classical word formation
- Construction-dependent morphology
- Morphological productivity
- Compounding
- Inflection
- Inflection and derivation
- Allomorphy
- The interface between phonology and morphology
- Word formation
- Syntax
- Preface and acknowledgements
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of verb phrases I:Argument structure
- 3 Projection of verb phrases II:Verb frame alternations
- Introduction
- 3.1. Main types
- 3.2. Alternations involving the external argument
- 3.3. Alternations of noun phrases and PPs
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.3.1.1. Dative alternation with aan-phrases (recipients)
- 3.3.1.2. Dative alternation with naar-phrases (goals)
- 3.3.1.3. Dative alternation with van-phrases (sources)
- 3.3.1.4. Dative alternation with bij-phrases (possessors)
- 3.3.1.5. Dative alternation with voor-phrases (benefactives)
- 3.3.1.6. Conclusion
- 3.3.1.7. Bibliographical notes
- 3.3.2. Accusative/PP alternations
- 3.3.3. Nominative/PP alternations
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.4. Some apparent cases of verb frame alternation
- 3.5. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of verb phrases IIIa:Selection of clauses/verb phrases
- 5 Projection of verb phrases IIIb:Argument and complementive clauses
- Introduction
- 5.1. Finite argument clauses
- 5.2. Infinitival argument clauses
- 5.3. Complementive clauses
- 6 Projection of verb phrases IIIc:Complements of non-main verbs
- 7 Projection of verb phrases IIId:Verb clusters
- 8 Projection of verb phrases IV: Adverbial modification
- 9 Word order in the clause I:General introduction
- 10 Word order in the clause II:Position of the finite verb (verb-first/second)
- 11 Word order in the clause III:Clause-initial position (wh-movement)
- Introduction
- 11.1. The formation of V1- and V2-clauses
- 11.2. Clause-initial position remains (phonetically) empty
- 11.3. Clause-initial position is filled
- 12 Word order in the clause IV:Postverbal field (extraposition)
- 13 Word order in the clause V: Middle field (scrambling)
- 14 Main-clause external elements
- Nouns and Noun Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of noun phrases I: complementation
- Introduction
- 2.1. General observations
- 2.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 2.3. Clausal complements
- 2.4. Bibliographical notes
- 3 Projection of noun phrases II: modification
- Introduction
- 3.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 3.2. Premodification
- 3.3. Postmodification
- 3.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 3.3.2. Relative clauses
- 3.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 3.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 3.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 3.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 3.4. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of noun phrases III: binominal constructions
- Introduction
- 4.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 4.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 4.3. Bibliographical notes
- 5 Determiners: articles and pronouns
- Introduction
- 5.1. Articles
- 5.2. Pronouns
- 5.3. Bibliographical notes
- 6 Numerals and quantifiers
- 7 Pre-determiners
- Introduction
- 7.1. The universal quantifier al 'all' and its alternants
- 7.2. The pre-determiner heel 'all/whole'
- 7.3. A note on focus particles
- 7.4. Bibliographical notes
- 8 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- 2 Projection of adjective phrases I: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adjective phrases II: Modification
- 4 Projection of adjective phrases III: Comparison
- 5 Attributive use of the adjective phrase
- 6 Predicative use of the adjective phrase
- 7 The partitive genitive construction
- 8 Adverbial use of the adjective phrase
- 9 Participles and infinitives: their adjectival use
- 10 Special constructions
- Adpositions and adpositional phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Introduction
- 1.1. Characterization of the category adposition
- 1.2. A formal classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3. A semantic classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3.1. Spatial adpositions
- 1.3.2. Temporal adpositions
- 1.3.3. Non-spatial/temporal prepositions
- 1.4. Borderline cases
- 1.5. Bibliographical notes
- 2 Projection of adpositional phrases: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adpositional phrases: Modification
- 4 Syntactic uses of the adpositional phrase
- 5 R-pronominalization and R-words
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Phonology
- Frisian
- Introduction to Frisian
- Phonology
- Segment inventory
- Phonotactics
- Phonological Processes
- Assimilation
- Vowel nasalization
- Syllabic sonorants
- Final devoicing
- Fake geminates
- Vowel hiatus resolution
- Vowel reduction introduction
- Schwa deletion
- Schwa insertion
- /r/-deletion
- d-insertion
- {s/z}-insertion
- t-deletion
- Intrusive stop formation
- Breaking
- Vowel shortening
- h-deletion
- Replacement of the glide w
- Word stress
- Clitics
- Allomorphy
- Orthography of Frisian
- Morphology
- Inflection
- Word formation
- Derivation
- Prefixation
- Infixation
- Suffixation
- Nominal suffixes
- Verbal suffixes
- Adjectival suffixes
- Adverbial suffixes
- Numeral suffixes
- Interjectional suffixes
- Onomastic suffixes
- Conversion
- Derivation
- Syntax
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Unergative and unaccusative subjects
- Evidentiality
- To-infinitival clauses
- Predication and noun incorporation
- Ellipsis
- Imperativus-pro-Infinitivo
- Expression of irrealis
- Embedded Verb Second
- Agreement
- Negation
- Nouns & Noun Phrases
- Classification
- Complementation
- Modification
- Partitive noun constructions
- Referential partitive constructions
- Partitive measure nouns
- Numeral partitive constructions
- Partitive question constructions
- Nominalised quantifiers
- Kind partitives
- Partitive predication with prepositions
- Bare nominal attributions
- Articles and names
- Pronouns
- Quantifiers and (pre)determiners
- Interrogative pronouns
- R-pronouns
- Syntactic uses
- Adjective Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Complementation
- Modification and degree quantification
- Comparison by degree
- Comparative
- Superlative
- Equative
- Attribution
- Agreement
- Attributive adjectives vs. prenominal elements
- Complex adjectives
- Noun ellipsis
- Co-occurring adjectives
- Predication
- Partitive adjective constructions
- Adverbial use
- Participles and infinitives
- Adposition Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Complementation
- Modification
- Intransitive adpositions
- Predication
- Preposition stranding
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- Afrikaans
- Phonology
- Segment inventory
- Overview of Afrikaans vowels
- The rounded and unrounded high front vowels /i/ and /y/
- The diphthongised long vowels /e/, /ø/ and /o/
- The unrounded mid-front vowel /ɛ/
- The unrounded low-central vowel /ɑ/
- The unrounded low-central vowel /a/
- The rounded mid-high back vowel /ɔ/
- The rounded high back vowel /u/
- The unrounded and rounded central vowels /ə/ and /œ/
- The diphthongs /əi/, /œy/ and /œu/
- Overview of Afrikaans Consonants
- The bilabial plosives /p/ and /b/
- The alveolar plosives /t/ and /d/
- The velar plosives /k/ and /g/
- The bilabial nasal /m/
- The alveolar nasal /n/
- The velar nasal /ŋ/
- The trill /r/
- The lateral liquid /l/
- The labiodental fricatives /f/ and /v/
- The alveolar fricatives /s/ and /z/
- The velar fricative /x/
- The approximants /ɦ/, /j/ and /ʋ/
- Overview of Afrikaans vowels
- Word stress
- The phonetic properties of stress
- Primary stress on monomorphemic words in Afrikaans
- Background to primary stress in monomorphemes in Afrikaans
- Overview of the Main Stress Rule of Afrikaans
- The short vowels of Afrikaans
- Long vowels in monomorphemes
- Primary stress on diphthongs in monomorphemes
- Exceptions
- Stress shifts in place names
- Stress shift towards word-final position
- Stress pattern of reduplications
- Phonological Processes
- Phonotactics
- Segment inventory
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Introduction to Noun Phrases
- Introduction to Adjective Phrases
- Characteristics and classification
- Complementation
- Modification and degree quantification
- Comparison by comparative, superlative and equative degree
- Attribution
- Predication
- The partitive adjective construction
- Adverbial use
- Participles and infinitives as adjectives
- Introduction to Verb Phrases
- Phonology
Interrogative
watwhat + preposition as nominal quantifier
quickinfo
Interrogative watwhat cannot be separated from the partitive adjective with which it is construed, unless the interrogative is followed by the preposition foarfor. In this case, the preposition can be followed not only by partitive adjectives, but by nouns in general. The latter construction is referred to as the wat-voor split in the linguistic literature on Dutch, and the wat-foar split in the literature on Frisian.
readmore
The question word watwhat must be distinguished from the indefinite pronoun watsomething.
The question word watwhat may occur either on its own or accompanied by the prepositions foarfor and oanto in the partitive adjective construction:
Example 1
| a. | Wat moais ha jo yn dy tiid belibbe? | ||||||||||||||
| what nice have you in that time experienced | |||||||||||||||
| What nice things have you experienced in that time? | |||||||||||||||
| b. | Wat foar nuvers hast dêr dan meimakke? | ||||||||||||||
| what for strange have.2SG there then experienced | |||||||||||||||
| What kind of strange things did you experience there? | |||||||||||||||
The quantifier watsomething cannot be separated from a bare partitive adjective whereas it can be separated from the partitive adjective in case it is introduced by the preposition foarfor of oanto:
Example 2
| a. | *Wat ha jo yn dy tiid moais belibbe? | ||||||||||||||
| what have you in that time nice experienced | |||||||||||||||
| What nice things have you experienced in that time? | |||||||||||||||
| b. | Wat hast dêr dan foar nuvers meimakke? | ||||||||||||||
| what have.2SG there then for strange experienced | |||||||||||||||
| What kind of strange things did you experience there? | |||||||||||||||
| c. | Wat hat it Frysk Museum oan prachtichs sammele? | ||||||||||||||
| what has the Frisian Museum to beautiful collected | |||||||||||||||
| What beautiful things has the Frisian Museum collected? | |||||||||||||||
In the case of the preposition oanto the discontinuity is almost obligatory, whereas this is not the case for the preposition foarfor:
Example 3
| *Wat oan prachtichs hat it Frysk Museum sammele? |
| what to beautiful has the Frisian Museum collected |
| What beautiful things has the Frisian Museum collected? |
References:
Suggestions for further reading ▼
phonology
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[73%] Dutch > Phonology > Accent & intonation
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[70%] Dutch > Phonology > Accent & intonation
- Abstract phonological forms in Dutch orthography
[70%] Dutch > Phonology > Spelling
- The phonological domain of Final Devoicing
[75%] Frisian > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Final devoicing
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[74%] Frisian > Phonology > Orthography of Frisian
- Phonological evidence for cliticization
[74%] Frisian > Phonology > Clitics
- The dorsal obstruents
[74%] Frisian > Phonology > Segment inventory > Consonants
- /t/-deletion before the suffix -st
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- The phonotactics of Afrikaans
[72%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonotactics
- Homorganic glide insertion
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[68%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Consonant related processes > Consonant cluster simplification: Overview
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[68%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Consonant related processes
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[67%] Afrikaans > Phonology > Phonological Processes > Vowel related processes
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morphology
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- Case - the partitive construction
[76%] Dutch > Morphology > Inflection > Nouns > Case
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[74%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Compounding
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[73%] Dutch > Morphology > Inflection
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[72%] Dutch > Morphology > Inflection > Nouns
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[72%] Dutch > Morphology > Word formation > Derivation > Adjectives > Adjectival suffixes
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[78%] Frisian > Morphology > Inflection > Adjectives
- Personal pronouns
[78%] Frisian > Morphology > Inflection > Pronouns
- Partitive construction
[77%] Frisian > Morphology > Inflection > Adjectives
- In prenominal position
[77%] Frisian > Morphology > Inflection > Adjectives
- Cardinal numbers
[76%] Frisian > Morphology > Inflection > Numerals
- Circumfixation
[66%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
- Cohering and non-cohering affixes
[65%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
- Prefixation
[65%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
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[62%] Afrikaans > Morphology > Word formation > Affixation
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syntax
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- Afrikaans
- 6.2.2. Position of the complementive adjective in the clause
[81%] Dutch > Syntax > Adjectives and Adjective Phrases > 6 Predicative use of the adjective phrase > 6.2. Complementive use of the adjective
- 7.2.1. Syntactic functions and properties
[81%] Dutch > Syntax > Adjectives and Adjective Phrases > 7 The partitive genitive construction > 7.2. The partitive genitive construction and its constituents
- 3.1.3. Modification by a complex intensifying phrase
[81%] Dutch > Syntax > Adjectives and Adjective Phrases > 3 Projection of adjective phrases II: Modification > 3.1. Modification of scalar adjectives
- 7.1. The structure of the partitive genitive construction
[81%] Dutch > Syntax > Adjectives and Adjective Phrases > 7 The partitive genitive construction
- 5.3. Attributively used complex adjective phrases
[80%] Dutch > Syntax > Adjectives and Adjective Phrases > 5 Attributive use of the adjective phrase
- As prepositional complement
[79%] Frisian > Syntax > Nouns & Noun Phrases > Modification > Relative clauses > Syntactic function
- Complete infinitival clause
[79%] Frisian > Syntax > Adjective Phrases > Modification and degree quantification > High degree specification > With infinitival clauses
- The PPI-A construction
[78%] Frisian > Syntax > Verbs and Verb Phrases > Expression of irrealis > The verb sille 'shall' > Participio-pro-Infinitivo
- The PPI-B construction
[78%] Frisian > Syntax > Verbs and Verb Phrases > Expression of irrealis > The verb sille 'shall' > Participio-pro-Infinitivo
- The 2SG subject pronoun
[78%] Frisian > Syntax > Nouns & Noun Phrases > Pronouns > Strong and weak pronouns
- Superlative
[76%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Adjective Phrases > Comparison by comparative, superlative and equative degree
- Finite interrogative complement clauses: syntactic distribution
[76%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Verb Phrases > Complement clauses > Finite interrogative complement clauses
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[76%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Adjective Phrases > Predication
- The comparative complement
[75%] Afrikaans > Syntax > Introduction to Adjective Phrases > Comparison by comparative, superlative and equative degree > Comparative > Lower degree comparative
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ABOUT THIS TOPIC
Author(s):
Eric Hoekstra
Category:
Frisian Syntax
Publication date:
07 August 2019
Keywords:
interrogative
wat 'what'
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